Shallow well pumps are essential for providing water to homes and businesses that are not connected to a public water supply. However, like any mechanical system, they can experience problems that require thorough troubleshooting. This comprehensive guide will delve into the key data points and step-by-step troubleshooting procedures to help you identify and resolve issues with your shallow well pump.
Pressure Switch Settings
The pressure switch is a critical component that controls when the pump turns on and off. It is typically set to turn on the pump when the pressure drops to a certain level, usually around 20 psi, and turn it off when the pressure reaches a higher level, typically around 40 psi. If the pump is starting and stopping too frequently, it may indicate that the pressure switch settings need to be adjusted.
To check the pressure switch settings, you’ll need a pressure gauge. First, measure the pressure in the system when the pump is running. This will give you the “cut-in” pressure, or the point at which the pump turns on. Next, measure the pressure when the pump turns off. This will give you the “cut-out” pressure, or the point at which the pump turns off.
Ideally, the cut-in pressure should be around 20 psi, and the cut-out pressure should be around 40 psi. If the pressure switch is not set within this range, you can adjust the settings by turning the adjustment screw on the pressure switch. Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for the specific adjustment process.
Check Valve Function
The check valve is another critical component in a shallow well pump system. Its primary function is to prevent water from flowing back into the well when the pump is not running. If the check valve is not functioning properly, the pump may lose its prime and be unable to draw water from the well.
To test the check valve, listen for water flowing back into the well when the pump turns off. You can also use a garden hose to apply pressure to the check valve and observe if water is flowing back into the well. If the check valve is not functioning correctly, it will need to be replaced.
Pump Motor Amperage
The pump motor should draw a specific amount of current (amperage) when it is running. If the motor is drawing too much current, it may be overworking or overheating, which can lead to premature failure.
To measure the pump motor amperage, use a clamp-on ammeter around one of the motor leads. Compare the measured amperage to the manufacturer’s specifications for the pump. If the motor is drawing significantly more current than the recommended range, it may indicate a problem with the motor or the pump itself.
Tank Pressure
The pressure tank plays a crucial role in regulating the pump’s cycling. If the tank pressure is too low, the pump may run too frequently, which can lead to premature wear and tear.
To measure the tank pressure, use a pressure gauge on the air fitting at the top of the tank. The tank pressure should be set to the manufacturer’s recommended level, typically around 2-3 psi below the cut-out pressure of the pressure switch. If the tank pressure is too low, you can add air to the tank using a tire pump or compressor.
Well Yield
The well yield is the amount of water that the well can produce over a given period of time. If the well yield is too low, the pump may not be able to keep up with the demand, causing the pump to run constantly or cycle on and off frequently.
To measure the well yield, time how long it takes to pump a known volume of water, such as 100 gallons. Then, calculate the yield in gallons per minute (GPM). The well yield should be compared to the pump’s rated capacity to ensure that the pump is appropriately sized for the well.
If the well yield is too low, there are a few potential solutions:
- Deepen the well to access a higher-yielding aquifer.
- Install a larger-capacity pump that can better match the well’s yield.
- Implement water conservation measures to reduce the demand on the well.
Troubleshooting Steps
Now that we’ve covered the key data points to consider, let’s go through the step-by-step troubleshooting process for shallow well pumps:
- Check the Power Source: Ensure that the pump is receiving power and that the circuit breaker or fuse has not tripped.
- Check the Pressure Switch: If the pump is not turning on or off at the correct pressure, the pressure switch may need to be adjusted or replaced.
- Check the Check Valve: If the pump is losing prime or not drawing water from the well, the check valve may need to be replaced.
- Check the Pump Motor: If the pump is overheating or drawing too much current, the motor may need to be replaced or repaired.
- Check the Pressure Tank: If the tank pressure is too low or the tank is waterlogged, the tank may need to be drained or replaced.
By following these troubleshooting steps and using the data points we’ve discussed, you’ll be well on your way to identifying and resolving any issues with your shallow well pump.
Remember, if you’re not comfortable performing any of these tasks or if the problem persists, it’s always best to consult a professional well pump technician for assistance.
References
- Troubleshooting Water Well Pumps – YouTube
- Well Pump Troubleshooting and DIY Repair – Family Handyman
- Keep losing prime in shallow well pump – HELP – DoItYourself.com
- Troubleshoot: Water Well Pump Starts too Often (Rapid Cycling) – RC Worst & Co
- Well pump runs constantly; Pressure tank doesn’t fill – Diy Stack Exchange
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