15 Facts About HNO3 + Ag2CrO4: How This Combination Works!

HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ are known as Nitric acid and Silver chromate respectively. The interactions between strong acid and neutral salt exist here. Let us study more about two.

HNO₃ is also known as aqua fortis having molecular mass of 63.012 g·mol⁻¹. Ag₂CrO₄ is insoluble and its precipitation is result of reaction between soluble chromate and silver precursor salts.H₂CrO₄, chromic acid is a strong acid and a reagent for oxidizing ethanols to ketones and carboxylic acids.

This article will provide insight about the type of reaction, product formed, titration and reaction enthalpy and much more.

What is the product of HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄?

The product of reaction between HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ are Silver nitrate, chromic acid.
Ag₂CrO₄ + 2HNO₃ → 2AgNO₃ + H₂CrO₄
When a mole of Ag₂CrO₄ reacts with 2 moles of HNO₃ it gives 2 moles of AgNO₃ and H₂CrO₄ in a reaction.

What type of reaction is HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄?

The reaction between HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ is acid-base neutralization type of reaction. HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ displays double displacement type of reaction.

How to balance HNO₃ + Ag₂CrO₄?

The reaction between HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ reacts to give Silver nitrate, chromic acid.
Ag₂CrO₄ + HNO₃ → AgNO₃ + H₂CrO₄
As the reaction is not balanced on its own. We can use the following steps to balance it:-

• Use a variable to label each compound like a to label Nitric acid and b to label Silver nitrate.
• Ag₂CrO₄ + aHNO₃ → bAgNO₃ + H₂CrO₄
• A system of equations for each compound.
• Solving equation to get the value of the variable such that same number of moles.
• Substitution of values in the reaction.
• Verify both sides and check.
• When both sides have an equal number of moles, then the reaction is balanced.

Ag₂CrO₄ + 2HNO₃ → 2AgNO₃ + H₂CrO₄
This is the balanced reaction of Nitric acid and Silver chromate.

HNO₃ +Ag₂CrO₄ titration

The titration between HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ is a acid-base titration.

Apparatus

Beaker, burette, conical flask, and measuring cylinder.

Indicator

Methyl orange is the indicator used here.

Procedure

• Silver chromate, soluble in water, and forms Ag(OH)₂.
• 0.1 N freshly prepare Ag(OH)₂ is taken in the burette.
• 10 ml of HNO₃ is pipetted out into a clean conical flask.
• Add 1-2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator.
• Add Ag(OH)₂ drop wise from the burette into the conical flask with constant swirling until the appearance of light pink colour. This is the end point of titration.
• Note the volume of Ag(OH)₂ required to neutralize the Nitric acid solution.
• The above procedure is repeated for 3 consistent readings.
• The strength of HNO₃ is calculated using the reaction. S_Ag(OH)2 V_Ag(OH)2 = S_HNO3 V_HNO3

HNO3 and Ag2CrO4 net ionic equation

• The net ionic reaction of HNO₃ + Ag₂CrO₄ is as inscribed below:-
• Ag₂CrO₄_(s) +2HNO₃_(aq)⇒2AgNO₃_(aq)+H₂CrO₄_(aq)
• The net ionic equation between HNO₃ + Ag₂CrO₄ reaction is, and can be demonstrated as follows after removing repeated entities from both reactant and product side.
• Ag₂CrO_4(s) + 2H⁺ + 2NO₃ → Ag²⁺ + NO_3(l) + H₂CrO_4(aq)

HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ conjugate pairs

The conjugate acid-base pair in HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ are as follows:-

• HNO₃ a strong acid have NO₃^– nitrate ion as its conjugate base.
• Ag₂CrO₄ being a neutral salt is amphoteric in nature and does not shows conjugate pairs.

HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ intermolecular forces

The intermolecular forces in HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ are as follows:-

• London Dispersion force and dipole-dipole interaction are the intermolecular forces in HNO₃.
• Ag₂CrO₄ displays ionic bond as it has metal and non metal combination, as its intermolecular forces.

HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ reaction enthalpy

The reaction enthalpy of HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ reaction is 1571.94 kJ/mol and positive. The energy is absorbed during the reaction.

Compounds	Enthalpy (kJ/mol)
Ag2CrO4	-731.73976
HNO3	-173.2176
AgNO3	-124.39032
H2CrO4	5.40

The enthalpy is calculated by the formula H=U+pV where H equals to the sum of the internal energy E and the product of the pressure P and volume, V, of the system: H = E + PV.

Is HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ a buffer solution?

HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ is not a buffer solution. HNO₃ is a strong acid and Ag₂CrO₄ is a salt of silver and chromate ions making it neutral compound. As, a buffer solution constitute of a weak acid and its conjugate base, which is not present in case of Nitric acid and Silver Chromate.

Is HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ a complete reaction?

The reaction between HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ is not a complete reaction as reactants are completely used but the product formed as precipitate remains after the reaction. And thus equilibrium of the reaction is not attained, making it incomplete reaction.

Is HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ an exothermic or endothermic reaction?

The reaction between HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ is endothermic reaction.The reaction enthalpy is positive .i.e. energy is not given out during the reaction, making it endothermic reaction.

Is HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ a redox reaction?

The reaction of HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ is not a redox reaction, as either oxidation nor reduction takes place simultaneously here. The oxidation state remains unchanged during the reaction which indicates no redox reaction took place.

Is HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ a precipitation reaction?

The reaction between HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ is a precipitation reaction as white precipitate of Solver nitrate is formed during the reaction.

Is HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ reversible or irreversible reaction?

The reaction between HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ is irreversible reaction. The reaction does not proceed in both ways, and the product AgNO₃ is precipitate which cannot be retained to its original form. And thus the reaction is irreversible reaction.

Is HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ displacement reaction?

The reaction between HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ is a double displacement reaction, as switching of anionic entities takes place. The chromate ion of silver form bond with hydrogen to form chromic acid and NO₃^– ion forms bond with Ag to form AgNO₃.

Conclusion

The main industrial use of nitric acid is for the production of fertilizers. Ag₂CrO₄ is a brick red coloured powder compound which has its use as component of lithium based batteries. While AgNO₃ precursor is used in photography. The reaction of HNO₃ and Ag₂CrO₄ forms Silver nitrate and chromic acid.